{"id":6460,"date":"2021-09-06T11:51:14","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T10:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.csnd-rdc.net\/?page_id=6460"},"modified":"2021-09-06T12:01:18","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T11:01:18","slug":"energie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/csnd-rdc.net\/en\/energie\/","title":{"rendered":"Energy in DR Congo"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 2014, according to the World Bank\u00a0Democratic Republic of Congo<\/a>\u00a0(DRC) consumed 389 kg of oil equivalent per inhabitant1<\/a><\/sup>. The country's energy intensity is 21 (2015)2<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Only 5.4% of the energy used comes from fossil fuels.3<\/a><\/sup>. Today, biomass is the main source of energy4<\/a><\/sup>. According to the report\u00a0Energy Information System 2010<\/i>\u00a0carried out by the CNE, biomass accounts for 95% of the DRC's overall energy balance. Demand for domestic biomass energy in the DRC is 45 million cubic metres of wood a year, and is responsible for the destruction of 400,000 hectares of forest every year.5<\/a><\/sup>. The DRC has 122 million hectares of forest6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Electrical sector<\/span><\/h2>\n
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\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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High-voltage line in the middle of poorly lit homes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

In 2017, according to the World Bank, only 19.1% of the country's population had access to electricity.7<\/a><\/sup>per capita consumption was just 109 KWh (compared with 170 KWh in 1989)8<\/a><\/sup>. 95% of this electricity is supplied by renewable energies9<\/a><\/sup>. There is a wide disparity in access to electricity, with 50% of city dwellers having access compared with only 5% in rural areas.10<\/a><\/sup>In Kinshasa, the rate is close to 60%.11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

The installed capacity in the DRC is 2,400 MW, but only 1,281 MW are operational. For example, the Inga 1 and Inga 2 dams on the Congo River (built in 1972 and 1982 respectively) were supposed to supply 1,770 MW (351 for Inga 1 and 1,424 for Inga 2) of energy, but due to maintenance problems are only supplying 1,000 MW of power.1<\/a><\/sup>. According to\u00a0SNEL<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup>Only 30% of installed capacity is being used.8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Inventory of power stations (hydro and thermal) (2003)<\/caption>\n
Provinces<\/th>\nNumber of plants<\/th>\nInstalled capacity<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandundu<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n2,269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bas-Congo<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n1867,61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ecuador<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n19,28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Orientale<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n47,92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kasa\u00ef - Occid.<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n8,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
East Kasai<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maniema<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n10,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Kivu<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Kivu<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n40,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Katanga<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n576,26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total<\/b><\/td>\n89<\/td>\n2590,239<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Source: SNEL report, Production\u00a0

SNEL owns 39 power stations (24 thermal and 15 hydroelectric), representing 44% of power stations, but has 95% of installed capacity.<\/p>\n

According to\u00a0UNDP<\/a>In 2030, the DRC will consume 150,000 GWh of electricity, a 23.8-fold increase compared to 2011.12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Hydraulic potential<\/span><\/h3>\n

The country has 1\/3 of the hydropower potential of the whole of Africa and 6% of the world, with an estimated potential of 100,000 MW.7<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0representing an estimated annual production of 774 TWh. Today, only 3% of this potential is exploited.13<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>14<\/a><\/sup>. The major projects are Inga 3 (3500 MW) and Grand Inga (3900 MW).9<\/a><\/sup>. The Congo River has an average flow of 41,000 cubic metres per second.10<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0and reached a peak of 80,0004<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Solar potential<\/span><\/h3>\n

The Congo is developing solar energy for individual use not connected to the electricity grid15<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>16<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Fossil fuels sector<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span>Oil<\/span><\/h3>\n

The DRC has oil reserves of Moanda<\/a>17<\/a><\/sup>This oil is exploited exclusively by Perenco. The oil industry accounts for 8% of the country's GDP.18<\/a><\/sup>There is opposition to this type of operation because of its environmental and social impact19<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

There is also oil in Ituri, this time exploited by Total, and this area is experiencing violence which is hindering its development.20<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>21<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>22<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>23<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>24<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Coal<\/span><\/h3>\n

Coal is extracted from mines in Katanga26<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>27<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>28<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Gas<\/span><\/h3>\n

There is a reserve of 300 billion cubic metres of methane in the ocean.\u00a0Lake Kivu<\/a>29<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>30<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Nuclear sector<\/span><\/h2>\n

Uranium ore found in Katanga mines26<\/a><\/sup>. The uranium deposit was identified in 1915 by Union Mini\u00e8re du Haut Katanga. Mining began in 1921, and the uranium is believed to have been used to make the nuclear bombs used in the Second World War. Today, this uranium is mined clandestinely.31<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>32<\/a><\/sup>,<\/sup>33<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Notes and references<\/span><\/h2>\n
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    \n
  1. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita) | Data<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0data.worldbank.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  2. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Energy intensity (MJ\/GDP in USD, 2011 PPP - Congo, Dem. Data<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0data.worldbank.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on
  3. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Fossil fuel consumption (% of total) - Congo, Dem. Rep. | Data<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0data.worldbank.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  4. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0In the DRC, renewable energies boost hopes of electricity for all<\/cite>\u00a0\",\u00a0Le Monde.fr.<\/i>\u00a0read online<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>consulted on\u00a0
  5. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>CIFOR report, \"\u00a0L'\u00e9tat de l'art du bois \u00e9nergie en RDC : Analyse institutionnelle et socio\u00e9conomique de la fili\u00e8re bois \u00e9nergie,<\/cite>\u00a0\",\u00a0Report.<\/i>\u00a0
  6. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0The DRC's energy potential<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0congovirtuel.com<\/span>(consulted on\u00a0
  7. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Access to electricity (% of the population) | Data<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0data.worldbank.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  8. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Electricity consumption (KWh per capita) - Congo, Dem. Rep. | Data<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0data.worldbank.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  9. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Renewable energy consumption (% of total energy consumption) - Congo, Dem. Rep. | Data<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0data.worldbank.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  10. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Key energy figures for DR Congo<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0La Tribune<\/span>(consulted on\u00a0
  11. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>UNEP, \"\u00a0Renewable energies in the Democratic Republic of Congo<\/cite>\u00a0\",\u00a0Report<\/i>,\u00a0read online<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  12. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>UNDP, \"\u00a0NATIONAL \"SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FOR ALL BY 2030\" REPORT<\/cite>\u00a0\",\u00a0Report<\/i>,\u00a0read online<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  13. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>UNEP, \"\u00a0Renewable energies in the Democratic Republic of Congo<\/cite>\u00a0\",\u00a0Report<\/i>,\u00a0read online<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>)<\/small><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  14. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Energy - National Agency for Investment Promotion<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0investindrc.cd<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  15. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Solar panel Congo RDC<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0APB ENERGY<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on
  16. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Orange Energy | Orange Democratic Republic of Congo<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0www.orange.cd<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  17. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Muanda, Perenco's little oil kingdom<\/cite>\u00a0\",\u00a0Le Monde.fr<\/i>,\u00a0read online<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>consulted on\u00a0
  18. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Moanda guide, visit MOANDA - Petit Fut\u00e9<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0www.petitfute.com<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  19. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Oil in Muanda: justice on the cheap - CCFD-Terre Solidaire<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0ccfd-terresolidaire.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  20. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>mirastnews<\/span>,\u00a0\"\u00a0Ituri: violence, oil and the French giant TOTAL<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0MIRASTNEWS<\/span>,\u00a0
  21. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Ituri: gold and oil activities to resume (rehabilitated governor Bamanisa)<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a07sur7.cd<\/span>,\u00a0
  22. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0THE HEMA-LENDU CONFLICT IN ITURI, DRC. AN EXAMPLE OF \"MURDEROUS IDENTITIES\" | News\/information and socio-political documentation on Rwanda | musabyimana.net<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>\u00a0(consulted on
  23. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0The Hema-Lendu conflict in Ituri, DRC: a typical example of \"murderous identities\" | Investig'Action<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0www.investigaction.net<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  24. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0DRC: An oil reserve discovered in Ituri<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0Radio Okapi<\/span>,\u00a0
  25. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0CONGO-KINSHASA. The smell of oil in Ituri<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0Courrier international<\/span>,\u00a0
  26. \u2191\u00a0Return to the top by :<\/span>a<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0b<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0General overview of geology and mining in Katanga<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0Economic news magazine in Africa | Mining and Business<\/span>,\u00a0
  27. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0MINERALS FROM THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0euromin.w3sites.net<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  28. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Division des Mines Katanga - List of companies 2009<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0congomines.org<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  29. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Methane gas from Lake Kivu: A danger for the population of Eastern Congo | environews-rdc.org<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  30. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\"\u00a0Exploiting methane gas from Lake Kivu<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0mhalb.pagesperso-orange.fr<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  31. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Paesaggio<\/span>,\u00a0\"\u00a0Shinkolobwe (Katanga, DRC), uranium mine for the Hiroshima bomb<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0Landscapes<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  32. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Deutsche\u00a0Welle (www.dw.com)<\/span>,\u00a0\"\u00a0Katanga's uranium, a sensitive subject | DW | 13.06.2013<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0DW.COM<\/span>\u00a0(consulted on\u00a0
  33. \u2191<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Le\u00a0Bright<\/span>,\u00a0\"\u00a0The uranium for the atomic bombs came from the Belgian Congo<\/cite>\u00a0\"<\/a>\u00a0[archive<\/a>]<\/small>on\u00a0Site-LeVif-EN<\/span>,\u00a0